Rye as an Energy Cover Crop: Management, Forage Quality, and Revenue Opportunities for Feed and Bioenergy
نویسندگان
چکیده
Harvesting a winter rye energy cover crop (Secale cereale L.) could help sustain growing food and demand, provide new revenue streams, enhance ecosystem services without inducing land-use change. A two-year field experiment with three planting methods N fertilization rates (0, 60, 120 kg ha−1) that produced >5.0 Mg ha−1 yr−1 of biomass was evaluated for (1) fresh anaerobically digested forage quality; (2) potential from renewable bioenergy, carbon markets, digestate feed protein; (3) greenhouse gas (GHG) offsets. We showed can be harvested as animals or to produce natural (RNG), the residue after digestion (digestate) still available protein concentrate. Anaerobically digesting improved quality indicators. Digestion significantly decreased acid- neutral-detergent fiber (ADF NDF) by 5.2% 17.8%, respectively, while increasing crude (CP) (33.6%), total digestible nutrients (TDN) (2.0%), relative value (RFV) (23.6%), net lactation (8.3%), maintenance (7.5%), gain (20.0%). Using market prices RNG, high feed, GHG mitigation, on-farm ranged USD 307 Mg−1 502 dry matter an average 402 Mg−1. However, there are substantial costs associated RNG does not represent profitability this system. Evaluation integrated system emissions were more than offset benefits yield in 60 treatment. The overall footprint strongly negative, confirming strategy sustainably intensify land use Midwestern United States.
منابع مشابه
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Agriculture
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2077-0472']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101691